Once we understand the type of planting medium is good and proper for cultivation, the next step is to understand the model of the hydroponic watering system and how to use it.
There are as many as eight hydroponic watering system models. Each of these systems has its advantages and lack. Let's discuss one by one.
# 1 Hydroponic Systems Aeroponic
Aeroponics is derived from two words namely aero is air-conditioned and poniq is cultivation. So aeroponic system of cultivation of vegetables is a most excellent by using air and water without the use of soil ecosystems.
This technique is a hydroponic growing methods using the help of technology. By placing the plant in such a way to be seen hanging plant roots.
The working principle of aeroponic system is to utilize water and nutrients are supplied to the plants in the form of small granules or mist.
The fogging process is derived from a water pump that is placed in the tank and sprayed using a nozzle. So with that nutrients given to the plants would be more quickly absorbed by plant roots hanging.
Aeroponic system is appropriate and well in cultivation because of this technique the plant will get two things: nutrition and oxygen simultaneously.
Many farmers happy by using this technique. Because the quality of vegetables grown with this technique proved to have a good quality, hygienic, fresh, crisp, flavorful and accompanied with high flavor.
The advantages of this system lies in the oxygenation process get to the root that starts from each grain a fine mist that mixed elements of compos.
So many in the developing world use this system included in Indonesia. The advantages of this system there are 8 of them:
- No need to use a large area, Enough with small holdings only.
- aeroponic system is very environmentally friendly because it can save water.
- With roots that hang in the air it will be more in the acceptance of oxygen.
- Can reduce the amount of labor.
- Reduce the growth of dangerous pathogens.
- The plant will be easier to carry out photosynthesis because the plant will utilize the carbon dioxide that is rich in oxygen.
- No need to use the land.
- Ability to produce crops that meet 3K is the quality, quantity and continuity.
Well, the lack of this system is that if the misting system is not controlled properly then hanging roots will quickly dry up picking carburetion.
# 2 Openness Hydroponic Nutrient Film Technique (NFT)
System Nutrient Film Technique (NFT) is a new technique in the case of hydroponic cultivation in Indonesia. This system is very precise when applied to land that is not fertile and yet can be applied in the highlands and low.
The point is the ultimate goal of this system is to obtain quality harvest. There is a slight difference in the application of NFT system with aeroponics.
Difference is located on laying the roots of plants above the water table is shallow. But the water has undergone the process of circulation and contains a number of nutrients according to plant needs,
So with that plants roots will continue to grow because it is surrounded by a layer of nutrients. Benefits and the weakness of this technique lies in the electric power supply.
If the electricity supply either the pump is damaged then the plant roots will dry quickly and then the disruption of nutrients and cause death.
But in this way will better ensure the plants can grow and produce more leverage and succeeded.
# 3 System Hydroponics Drip System
Drip systems or drip system an hydroponic systems are widely applied in homes that main goal is just a hobby but does not close the possibility also for commercially.
The system is quite simple because it does not require so many equipment, as well as multifunctional and effective.
There are so many variations that we can design and build. And it all just depends on creativity and innovation.
As the name implies this system to apply droplets of liquid nutrients to each plant roots with the aim of damp and wet.
This technique can be tailored according to the needs and land, can be of a small scale and large scale. But more effective this way to a rather large plants that require more space for root growth.
And also this technique is not so much in need of water in irrigation systems as well as pipe or hose can be stretched lengthwise. The only drawback that many planting medium that is easily absorbed and stored.
Why use a large plant? Because large plants resistant to pressure or stress and is not sensitive to time delays irrigation.
# 4 Hydroponics System of Tidal (Ebb And Flow System)
Tidal system is a hydroponic cultivation system in which plants get water, oxygen and nutrients through the pumping tank which will moisten the roots or the term pairs.
Then after a time the nutrients back into the tank or the term retroactively. Well, time or ebb tide can be adjusted according to the needs of plants so that no puddles or water shortages.
So pump this water will be immersed into a nutrient solution and then installed a timer that has timed. And water in a pond or tank will be pumped and passed to shelter plants (grow tray).
Only then will die and the water timer automatically aka fell back into the tank. In this case the timer can be set several times as needed. The point of nutrients in plants must be met promptly.
In its application hydroponics system with this technique can applied for some of the growth medium. And the media are common to store water well is rock wool and vermiculite.
The advantages of this technique is that the plant will get the nutrients and oxygen form water periodically. Both are oxygen carried through the pump have a good quality. And watering is done automatically can save energy and time.
However, the disadvantages of using this method is the overall budget is quite expensive. Depending on posakan electric, if the power goes out, the plants may die. Nutrition and many times are not as good nutrition in early.
# 5 Hydroponics System System Deep Flow Technique (DFT)
DFT briefly system is a system that lays hydroponic plant roots on a layer of water at a water depth ranging from 4-6 cm.
Same with other systems, DFT system also requires electrical power to circulate the water into the gutters by using a water pump. Then to save electricity, it can use the timer to set the time of life and death.
The advantages of hydroponics system than other systems are located at the time the power goes out the nutritional requirements for the plant remain available. Because the system is organized into nutrient to 6 cm.
But its shortcomings are requiring nutritional needs quite a lot when compared to the NFT system.
# 6 Hydroponics Wick System (Wicks System)
System wick or wicks system is the most simple hydroponic system that is by utilizing a wick which is then connected between the nutrient solution in the tank with planting medium.
And things simple more again that these systems are passive in the sense that there are no moving parts.
Thus the nutrient solution to be drawn into the media which then channeled into the planting medium from the tub or tank passing through the axis. By leveraging the power of capillarity axis of the water and nutrients can reach the roots of plants.
Axis system is a system that is ideal for those who really want to plant in the yard of the kitchen, living room and even on the home page that breadth is not so wide.
In the application wick system can be mixed planting medium such as perlite, vermiculite, rice husk and gravel sand.
How to planting the axis system can utilize stove wicks, cotton or rags. The point is that media can absorb water well. Should media of what we say.
The first plant roots are not immersed directly into the water but the roots grow in some water-retaining material such as rock wool or can be coco.
Then the end of the fuse is placed in a reservoir has been filled with a solution of nutrients. Then the other end is placed in the planting medium. And even closer to the roots of plants.
Because the media is more dominant in the axis requires a lot of water and nutrients. Then compiled into media axis water barrier as capillaries.
That way the plants will take a nutrient solution through the end of the axis and the effect of growing media through which the axis becomes moist.
This axis technique air will be sucked up by the roots in tandem with the nutrient solution. That would ensure that the plant receives enough air.
If the reservoir runs out, it can be filled by hand. And this superiority because they do not need to use the pump as well as other hydroponic systems.
# 7 Hydroponics Floating Raft System (Water Culture System)
Hydroponics system to seven is the simplest system among active hydroponics systems.
Because by utilizing platforms made of a planting medium that floats so the nutritional needs directly obtained by the roots.
Then the oxygen demand required the plant roots can make use aquarium pump that has been put into the tank hydroponic nutrients.
But by applying this system can not work effectively for the plant with a large size and long-term. Only small plants, like celery, cabbage and others.
# 8 Fertigation Systems (Fertilizer And Irigation Drip System)
Fertigation system is a hydroponic system most widely applied in the world. Because the system uses a drip irrigation or drip irrigation where the plants will be watered by dripping water.
Fertigation systems not only or just dripped but the water has been mixed with the nutrient solution. So that plant growth is maintained.
This means that in one drop is already nutritionally complete. Then the operation is also relatively easy.
The advantages of this system include: (1) the provision of nutrition can be set in accordance with plant maturity. (2) safe from disease and guaranteed clean. (3) Addressing the problem of land.
(4) Ability to improve the yield of income. (5) The quality of crop yields are much better. (6) The use of fertilizers is right on target and (7) Able to produce plants that many (quantity).
Disadvantages of this system at four, namely: (1) The capital required is too high. (2) It should be enough knowledge to start with this technique. (3) It should be taken care of on a regular and ongoing basis. (4) If damage in irrigation systems will have an effect on agricultural output.
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